We analyse a total of 804 kidney stones in 225 patients aged between 10 and 71 years, with
an average age of around 45, by means of the following techniques: optico-differential …

Since stones are the only objective elements of lithiasis, the cause of this disease can only
be determined by an accurate analysis of the morphology and composition of the stones. To …

We analyzed 48 renal calculi by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microprobe
techniques. In 35 of these, the presence of a minor constituent, not detected by X-ray …

Abstract Background and Aims: The SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) and
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (FTIR) methods are …

OBJECTIVE: To present a simple classification of the most frequent renal calculi that relates
each type of calculus with the main possible etiologic factors linked to its formation (mainly …

Analysis of urinary stones is an essential step in establishing the diagnosis and treatment of
the stone patient. In fact, the need for an exhaustive study of the stones increases as the …

Oxalate, apatite, struvite, uric acid and cystine stones were routinely analysed by X-ray
diffraction. A second analysis was performed by electron microprobe. The substances not …

Materials and Methods Four types of scanning electron microscopes have been used: Sl
(Valencia); SSM-2 (Beaconfield); A-50 (Paris), and HSM-2A (Tokyo). Several types of stones …

Texture and micro-morphology of 1615 urinary calculi has been studied using scanning
electron microscopy and X-ray micro analysis. Together with the results of X-ray …

Numerous methods can be used for the analysis of urinary stones, but few of them provide
information on the structure, chemical composition and crystal phases of these stones. In a …