Organoids are multicellular structures that can be derived from adult organs or pluripotent
stem cells. Early versions of organoids range from simple epithelial structures to complex …

A new era of biological engineering is emerging in which living cells are used as building
blocks to address therapeutic challenges. These efforts are distinct from traditional …

Although classical genetic and biochemical approaches have identified hundreds of
proteins that function in the dynamic remodeling of cell shape in response to upstream …

Pattern formation is a hallmark of coordinated cell behaviour in both single and multicellular
organisms,,. It typically involves cell–cell communication and intracellular signal processing …

Animal development entails the organization of specific cell types in space and time, and
spatial patterns must form in a robust manner. In the zebrafish spinal cord, neural …

Understanding human organ formation is a scientific challenge with far-reaching medical
implications,. Three-dimensional stem-cell cultures have provided insights into human cell …

Three-dimensional cell culture models have either relied on the self-organizing properties of
mammalian cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or used bioengineered constructs to arrange cells in an …

Embryonic development is orchestrated by robust and complex regulatory mechanisms
acting at different scales of organization. In vivo studies are particularly challenging for …

INTRODUCTION Vertebrate development comprises multiple complex morphogenetic
processes that shape the embryonic body plan through self-organization of pluripotent stem …

Investigating human development is a substantial scientific challenge due to the technical
and ethical limitations of working with embryonic samples. In the face of these difficulties …