The precise understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of brain function requires the
direct assessment of the activity of defined cells in vivo. A promising approach for such …

Imaging the brain of living laboratory animals at a microscopic scale can be achieved by two-
photon microscopy thanks to the high penetrability and low phototoxicity of the excitation …

For centuries scientists have been fascinated by the structure of the brain, all the more since
the middle of the 19th century when advances in staining techniques enabled high …

One of the challenges for modern neuroscience is to understand the rules of concerted
neuronal function in vivo. This question can be addressed using noninvasive high-resolution …

These are exciting times for the field of optical imaging of brain function. Rapid
developments in theory and technology continue to considerably advance understanding of …

Light scattering by tissue limits the imaging depth of two-photon microscopy and its use for
functional brain imaging in vivo. We investigate the influence of scattering on both …

Two-photon–excited fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy (2PLSM) has provided a
wealth of information about the spatiotemporal properties of biological processes at the …

In vivo multiphoton fluorescence microscopy allows imaging of cellular structures in brain
tissue to depths of hundreds of micrometers and, when combined with the use of activity …

Great advancements in brain imaging during the last few decades have opened a large
number of new possibilities for neuroscientists. The most dominant methodologies …

To understand the fine-scale structures and functional properties of individual neurons in
vivo, we developed and validated a rapid genetic technique that enables simultaneous …