Venous congestion in pedicled and free flaps and replanted tissue occurs when the venous
outflow has been occluded partially or totally with the normal arterial inflow. Venous …

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the utility of leech therapy in
venous congested microvascular free flaps in which venous outflow could not be …

Objectives To this day, a standardized protocol for medicinal leech therapy does not exist.
The purpose of this article was to review literature in the hope of proposing a unified …

Although leech therapy is a well-established, effective method of relieving venous
congestion, it is associated with complications such as wound infection and leech migration …

Introduction: The originally described distally based sural flap technique has a risk of partial
or total flap necrosis as high as 25%. The purpose of this study was to compare the …

Background Free tissue transfer is an accepted method for breast reconstruction. Surgically
uncorrectable venous congestion is a rare but real occurrence after these procedures. Here …

Background A congested flap is a good indication for leech therapy. However, determining
the appropriate number of leeches as well as the appropriate application time in clinical …

The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, has been used with increasing frequency for
salvage of compromised pedicled flaps and microvascular free-tissue transfers. The data …

The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, has been widely used in the salvage of
microvascular free flaps. Numerous publications have detailed the biology, use, benefits …

An important and broad area of plastic surgery entails the cover of defects by pedicled or
free flaps and the revascularisation of amputated parts of the body. Failure of perfusion in …