Cryptochromes (CRYs) entrain the circadian clocks of plants and animals to light. Irradiation
of the Drosophila cryptochrome (dCRY) causes reduction of an oxidized flavin cofactor by a …

Organisms use the daily cycles of light and darkness to synchronize their internal circadian
clocks with the environment. Because they optimize physiological processes and behavior …

Xenopus laevis cryptochromes (xCRYs) can suppress xCLOCK/xBMAL1-mediated
activation of a period E box-containing promoter. This suppression is a crucial part of the …

Cryptochromes are non-opsin photoactive pigments which have been recently implicated in
circadian photoentrainment. In humans and mice, two cryptochromes, called CRY1 and …

The signaling pathways that couple light photoreception to entrainment of the circadian
clock have yet to be deciphered. Two prominent groups of candidates for the circadian …

Cryptochromes are a family of flavoproteins found in organisms ranging from Arabidopsis to
man. Across phylogeny, these proteins have been used for pleiotropic functions ranging …

The ventral lateral neurons (LNvs) of adult Drosophila brain express oscillating clock
proteins and regulate circadian behavior. Whole cell current-clamp recordings of large LNvs …

Sleep is a highly conserved and essential behaviour in many species, including the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster. In the wild, sensory signalling encoding environmental …

Entrainment of circadian rhythms in higher organisms relies on light-sensing proteins that
communicate to cellular oscillators composed of delayed transcriptional feedback loops. The …

The cryptochrome/photolyase protein family possesses a conserved triad of tryptophans that
may act as a molecular wire to transport electrons from the protein surface to the FAD …