Cryptochromes are a ubiquitous group of blue-light absorbing flavoproteins that in the
mammalian retina have an important role in the circadian clock. In birds, cryptochrome 1a …

Animals partition their daily activity rhythms through their internal circadian clocks, which are
synchronized by oscillating day–night cycles of light. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster …

Animal flavoproteins called cryptochromes (CRYs) are generally believed to have distinct
circadian clock functions in insects and mammals: Drosophila has one CRY (dCRY) which …

Cryptochrome (CRY) entrains the fly circadian clock by binding to Timeless (TIM) in light.
Undocking of a helical C-terminal tail (CTT) in response to photoreduction of the CRY flavin …

Light is a crucial input for circadian clocks. In Drosophila, short light exposure can robustly
shift the phase of circadian behavior. The model for this resetting posits that circadian …

It has recently been realized that animal cryptochromes (CRYs) fall into two broad groups.
Type 1 CRYs, the prototype of which is the Drosophila CRY, that is known to be a circadian …

All cryptochromes are currently classified as flavoproteins. In animals their best-described
role is as components of the circadian clock. This circadian function is variable, and can be …

Photoreceptor cells achieve high sensitivity, reliably detecting single photons, while limiting
the spontaneous activation events responsible for dark noise. We used proteomic, genetic …

A sensitivity of the circadian clock to light/dark cycles ensures that biological rhythms
maintain optimal phase relationships with the external day. In animals, the circadian clock …

Light is the most important environmental cue to entrain the circadian clock in most animals.
In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the light entrainment mechanisms of the clock have …