If the indications of sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection have
been the subject of many trials, the indications of radiotherapy, in the absence of axillary …

Despite continuous efforts to define more advanced and less invasive prognostic factors,
surgical staging of the axilla remains the single most important prognostic factor in localized …

Sentinel node biopsy (SN) in breast cancer treatment was introduced in the mid-1990s in
order to be able to stage patients before decision of definitive surgery. Since then, both the …

Background In the majority of cases, the sentinel node is the only positive node in the axilla
and completion ALND (cALND) is a futile procedure. However, refraining from cALND will …

No one will deny that the existence of lymph node metastasis from invasive breast
carcinoma will impact upon the management of the patient as metastasis is associated with …

The assessment of axillary lymph node (ALN) status provides heavily weighing prognostic
indicators in deciding on breast carcinoma treatment. In the 6th and 7th editions of the …

Background If treatment of the axilla is indicated in patients with breast cancer who have a
positive sentinel node, axillary lymph node dissection is the present standard. Although …

Axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) remains the gold standard for identifying axillary nodal
metastases and managing patients with early stage breast cancer. IA level I and II ALND …

Sentinel lymph node biopsy has replaced axillary lymph node dissection in those patients
with clinically node-negative axilla without compromising their oncologic outcomes …

Abstract Objective The Hungarian National Institute of Oncology has just closed a single-
center randomized clinical study. The Optimal Treatment of the Axilla–Surgery or …