Extensive studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) plays an
important role in the progression of renal diseases. TGF‐β exerts its biological functions …

It has been shown that transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) is a potent mediator in renal
fibrosis and that Smad proteins are critical intracellular mediators in TGF-β signaling. It is …

TGF-β1 has been long considered as a key mediator in renal fibrosis and induces renal
scarring largely by activating its downstream Smad signaling pathway. Interestingly, while …

TGF-β has been shown to play a critical role in anti-inflammation; however, the signaling
mechanisms of TGF-β in anti-inflammatory response remains largely unclear. This study …

The mechanism by which TGF-β regulates renal inflammation and fibrosis is largely unclear;
however, it is well accepted that its biological effects are mediated through Smad2 and …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis.
TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects …

Chronic progressive kidney diseases typically are characterized by active renal fibrosis and
inflammation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key mediator in the development …

Smad2 and Smad3 interact and mediate TGF-β signaling. Although Smad3 promotes
fibrosis, the role of Smad2 in fibrogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, conditional …

Smad6 and Smad7 are inhibitory SMADs with putative functional roles at the intersection of
major intracellular signaling networks, including TGF-β, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) …

Introduction 3. Role of TGF-b and its signaling pathway in kidney diseases 3.1. TGF-b and
Smad signaling in renal fibrosis 3.2. TGF-b and Smad signaling in renal inflammation 4 …