Abstract Background South Africa has the largest public antiretroviral therapy (ART)
programme in the world. We assessed temporal trends in pretreatment HIV-1 drug …

Background Pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) may result in increased risk of
virological failure and acquisition of new resistance mutations. With recently increasing ART …

There is evidence of increasing levels of pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) in
Southern Africa. We used data from two large population-based HIV surveillance studies to …

Background There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after
the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the …

Background In order to assess the level of transmitted and/or pre-treatment antiretroviral
drug resistance to HIV-1, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that regular …

Objective To determine the frequency and patterns of acquired antiretroviral drug resistance
in a rural primary health care programme in South Africa. Design Cross-sectional study …

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency and progression over time of the WHO-defined
transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among antiretroviral treatment (ART) …

Background The emergence and spread of high levels of HIV-1 drug resistance in resource-
limited settings where combination antiretroviral treatment has been scaled up could …

Background Emerging HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) could jeopardize the success of
standardized HIV management protocols in resource-limited settings. We characterized …

Background Pre-treatment HIV-drug-resistance (PDR) to WHO-recommended 1st-line non-
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is …