Objective: To determine the separate and combined effects of the estrogen and progestin
components of a modern triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) formulation on extent of coronary …

The influence of two types of steroidal contraception on the extent of coronary, aortic, carotid,
and iliaco-femoral atherosclerosis was assessed in 57 cynomolgus macaques with …

A nonhuman primate model was developed to study the effects of oral contraceptives on
lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Cynomolgus macaques were selected because of their …

Although controversy continues, the preponderance of evidence indicates that estrogen
replacement therapy favorably influences the risk of coronary heart disease in …

In human populations where coronary heart disease is a major public health problem, the
incidence of coronary heart disease is much lower in premenopausal women than in men of …

The effects on atherogenesis of stress, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive therapy were
studied in a nonhuman primate model. The stress of social subordination was associated …

Clearly, a new era has begun, with increasing numbers of the scientific/medical community
asking whether estrogens have any cardiovascular benefits. Doubts have arisen from two …

There is strong evidence from both human and nonhuman primate studies supporting the
conclusion that estrogen deficiency increases the progression of atherosclerosis. More …

We feel compelled to comment on the Brief Review “Should progestins be blamed for the
failure of hormone replacement therapy to reduce cardiovascular events in randomized …

Until recently, the administration of estrogen has been considered a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease. This has been because estrogen use has been equated with the …