Recognition of the cytoprotective functions of autophagy that occur in tumor cells exposed to
various forms of chemotherapy or radiation has generated intense interest in the possibility …

Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a highly conserved mechanism for the
lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is critical for the maintenance …

Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline drug used for the treatment of diverse diseases. It
inhibits lysosomal acidification and therefore prevents autophagy by blocking …

Autophagy is a homeostatic cellular recycling system that is responsible for degrading
damaged or unnecessary cellular organelles and proteins. Cancer cells are thought to use …

Purpose Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the analog of chloroquine, augments the effect of
chemotherapies and radiotherapy on various tumors identified in the current clinical trials …

Autophagy is a tightly controlled process comprising lysosomal degradation and recycling of
cellular proteins and organelles. In cancer, its paradoxical dual role of cytoprotection and …

Autophagy has been recognized as a potential target for cancer therapy. The antimalarial
drug chloroquine (CQ) is able to inhibit autophagy and therefore is being considered for …

Autophagy is a homeostatic, catabolic degradation process whereby cellular proteins and
organelles are engulfed by autophagosomes, digested in lysosomes, and recycled to …

The finding that cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation often promote
autophagy has provided the foundation for clinical trials combining autophagy-blocking …

Autophagy is a conserved, self‐degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular
homeostasis during stress conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has implications in health …