Exposures to particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM 2.5) may influence risk of
birth defects. We estimated associations between maternal exposure to prenatal traffic …

Objective To evaluate the association between increased exposure to airborne fine
particulate matter (PM 2.5) during the periconception period with risk of congenital …

Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution has increasingly been linked to adverse
pregnancy outcomes. The evidence linking this exposure to congenital anomalies is still …

BACKGROUND Evidence links exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy,
particularly gaseous pollutants and particulate matter, to an increased risk of adverse …

Congenital heart defects are the most prevalent type of birth defects. The association of air
pollution with congenital heart defects is not well understood. We investigated a cohort of …

Objective A growing number of studies have investigated the association between air
pollution and the risk of birth defects, but results are inconsistent. The objective of this study …

Since the mid‐1990s, the number of studies linking air pollutants to low birthweight, small for
gestational age, preterm birth and cardiac birth defects has grown steadily. This MiniReview …

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are a prevalent form of congenital malformations in
newborns. Although previous studies have explored the association between maternal …

Background Previous studies have reported positive associations between maternal
exposure to air pollutants and several adverse birth outcomes. However, there have been …

We extended our previous analyses of term low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth to 1994–
2000, a period of declining air pollution levels in the South Coast Air Basin. We speculated …