Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been indicated to play a role during
endochondral ossification by stimulation of blood vessel invasion into hypertrophic cartilage …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an abundant growth factor in bone matrix, has been
shown to be involved in bone formation and fracture healing. The mechanism of action of the …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth
factor‐β super family. It has multiple effects on development, physiology and diseases …

The combined delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to sites of bone injury results in …

The osteogenic factors bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-7), platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF)-BB, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) regulate the recruitment of osteoprogenitor …

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1 or BMP-7) stimulates new bone formation in vivo and induces
cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. In the present study, we examined …

Some members of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily (BMP-2 and-7) are currently
used in orthopedic surgery for several applications. Although their use is considered safe at …

Osteoblast-derived VEGF is important for bone development and postnatal bone
homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that VEGF affects bone repair and …

Bone healing requires a complex interaction of growth factors that establishes an
environment for efficient bone regeneration. Among these, FGFs have been considered …

Bone-forming osteoblasts differentiate from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a
multistage process that can be modeled in vitro using MSCs isolated from adult human …