Diverse B cell responses are important for generating antibody‐mediated protection against
highly variable pathogens. While some antigens can trigger T‐independent B cell …

During their development, B and T cells with self-reactive antigen receptors are generally
deleted from the repertoire to avoid autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, innate-like B-1 …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 4852-4861, May 1, 2008] 4852 B lymphocytes — chief players and
therapeutic targets in autoimmune dis Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience 4852-4861, May 1, 2008] …

B-1 cells differ from conventional B-2 cells both phenotypically and functionally. Two
seemingly mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of B-1 …

In this review, we describe the non‐antibody‐mediated functions of B cells within the
immune system. In addition to antibody production, B cells also present antigen to T cells …

Antibodies against foreign antigens are a critical component of the overall immune response
and can facilitate pathogen clearance during a primary infection and also protect against …

B lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity; they produce antibodies and cytokines,
present antigens to T lymphocytes and regulate immune responses. However, because of …

B cells and the antibodies they produce have a deeply penetrating influence on human
physiology. Here, we review current understanding of how B cell responses are initiated; the …

B cells are essential for humoral immunity, but the role that they have in regulating CD4+ T
cell responses remains controversial. However, new data showing that the transient …

A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and
functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the …