All cells continually survey their environment and make decisions based on cues
encountered. This requires specific receptors that detect such cues, then transduce signals …

B cells produce antibodies that are indispensable for host defence against infections,
through virus neutralization, opsonization of pathogens for efficient phagocytosis by …

Antibodies are an integral part of the immune system. They are produced in response to an
infection or insult but are also present prior to any encounter with antigen as so-called …

B lymphocytes are often considered a homogenous population. However, B cells in both
mouse and humans are comprised of distinct subpopulations that differ in development …

B cells represent an important link between the adaptive and innate immune systems as
they express both antigen‐specific B‐cell receptors (BCRs) as well as various Toll‐like …

B cell subsets differ in development, tissue distribution, and mechanisms of activation. In
response to infections, however, all can differentiate into extrafollicular plasmablasts that …

B cells are essential for the development and pathogenesis of both systemic and organ-
specific autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive B cells are typically thought of as sources of …

The paradigm that B cell response to self antigens (Ag) is promoted by antibodies (Ab) has
become unsatisfactory. Studies over the last decade have indeed revealed that B cells serve …

Constitutive signal transduction by B cell antigen-receptors and/or their surrogates appears
to be critical for progression through multiple developmental checkpoints and for survival of …

B lymphocytes are recognized for their crucial role in the adaptive immunity since they
represent the only leukocyte lineage capable of differentiating into Ab-secreting cells …