Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease that may progress
to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Host immune responses represent the key …

Abstract Background and Aim The mechanism underlying hyperglobulinemia in cirrhosis, a
long appreciated phenomenon, has never been clearly understood. The aim of this study is …

Objective This report aims to investigate the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways and
induced antiviral activity in hepatocytes. Methods We isolated primary hepatocytes from wild …

Macrophages display phenotypic plasticity and can be induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) to
undergo either M1-like pro-inflammatory or M2-like anti-inflammatory polarization. Here, we …

Reversal of T cell dysfunction is a novel and promising approach for the treatment of chronic
diseases. PGE2, one of most studied Prostaglandins, exhibits strong and versatile …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a low rate of chronicity compared to HCV infection, but
chronic liver inflammation can evolve to life threatening complications. Experimental data …

Summary α‐Galactosylceramide (α‐G al C er)‐activated natural killer T (NKT) cells have
antiviral properties against hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, α‐GalCer activation of NKT …

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes, which are the main cell type composing a
human liver. However, the liver is enriched with immune cells, particularly innate cells (eg …

Background and aims HBV infection represents a major health problem worldwide, but the
immunological mechanisms by which HBV causes chronic persistent infection remain only …

Effective recognition of viral infection and successive activation of antiviral innate immune
responses are vital for host antiviral defence, which largely depends on multiple regulators …