BACKGROUND Complex spinal procedures are associated with intense pain in the
postoperative period. Adequate peri-operative pain management has been shown to …

Perioperative pain management is a unique challenge in patients undergoing spine surgery
due to the increased incidence of both pre-existing chronic pain conditions and chronic …

OBJECTIVE Thirty percent to sixty-four percent of patients experience poorly controlled pain
following spine surgery, leading to patient dissatisfaction and poor outcomes. Identification …

Study Design. Randomized prospective trial. Objective. To compare the efficacy of
intravenous analgesia with single and dual continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) in patients …

Spinal procedures are generally associated with intense pain in the postoperative period,
especially for the initial few days. Adequate pain management in this period has been seen …

Spinal fusion surgery is a major surgery that results in severe postoperative pain, therefore
pain reduction is a primary concern. New strategies for pain management are currently …

Multimodal analgesia (MMA) is the simultaneous use of multiple analgesic medications that
work in a synergistic manner to provide pain control. In recent years, spine surgery has seen …

Pain management after elective craniotomy: A systematic revi... : European Journal of
Anaesthesiology | EJA Pain management after elective craniotomy: A systematic review with …

Purpose With lumbar laminectomy increasingly being performed on an outpatient basis,
optimal pain management is critical to avoid post-operative delay in discharge and …

Background: Severe pain after surgery remains a major problem, occurring in 20–40% of
patients. Despite numerous published studies, the degree of pain following many types of …