Slow sand filter is based on the biological community. High filter rate of 40cm/h had been
adopted as standard flow rate by Thames Water Utilities. Impurity of dissolved and …

Slow sand filtration is a technology that has been used for potable water filtration for
hundreds of years. It is a process well-suited for small, rural communities since it does not …

Schmutzdecke is a complex biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter which
means “dirty layer” in German. The Schmutzdecke is the layer that provides the effective …

Due to the shortage of water resources in China, the state has implemented a series of
rainwater harvesting projects. The safety of water quality cannot be guaranteed due to the …

Conventional gravity filtration takes advantage of gravity of water as a driving force, and is
classified as slow media filtration or rapid media filtration. A slow sand filter is simple in …

The running time of slow sand filters is limited by the increase of pressure drop which is
mainly caused by the surface filtration of suspended solids. Surface filtration mechanisms on …

Pilot plant experiment of upflow roughing filters was done to reduce the load of suspended
matter in surface water of rivers. Upflow roughing filter was effective to reduce the load …

Seasonal schmutzdecke development is observed during filter operation using new device
to collect schmutzdecke in two field scale slow sand filters while most field scale …

This research was carried out to appreciate a slow sand filtration treatment by an
investigation of suspended matter distribution in sand layer at Ashford Common water …