Methods An electronic literature search was performed using the keywords
“tracheoesophageal fistula,”“endoscopic,” and “children” in the four major medical …

Objectives Endoscopic treatments for managing recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (rTEF)
and H-type TEF are being utilized lately; however, the preferred technique is yet to be …

Background Despite improvements in the treatment of esophageal atresia with
tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in recent decades, complications still exist. The rate of …

Objective Recurrent and acquired fistulae are a serious complication of congenital
esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair and foreign body ingestion …

Introduction The management of a recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (RTEF) includes
either open surgery (OS) or an endoscopic treatment (ET); the ideal option is unclear. We …

RATIONAL: Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulas (RTEFs) remain a therapeutic challenge
because open surgical approaches have been associated with substantial rates of …

Introduction/Purpose. Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represents one of the most common
congenital developmental malformations of the upper digestive tract. The optimal surgical …

Objective Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) can be a diagnostic and therapeutic
challenge. Traditional treatment is thoracotomy, which carries significant morbidity and …

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a difficult problem in both
diagnosis and management. Revision open repair with thoracotomy is challenging and has …

Repair of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulas (rTEFs) remains a technically challenging
endeavor. Although considered the gold standard, open surgical repair is associated with …