The natural expansion of forestry trees into habitats outside plantations is a concern for
managers and conservationists. We studied seedling emergence and survival of the two …

The tree species comprising Pinus‐Juniperus woodlands are rapidly expanding into shrub‐
grasslands throughout their range. Observational studies indicate that establishment is …

The tree species used in planted forests are highly productive and have an important role in
countries economy but the expansion of these trees into habitats outside plantations is a …

1 We analyse the factors controlling seedling establishment of Scots pine at its southernmost
geographical limit (southern Spain), by monitoring emergence, survival and growth for up to …

We examined large-scale climatic and small-scale biotic and abiotic factors affecting Pinus
jeffreyi (Pinaceae) seedling establishment at its low-elevation boundary along the conifer …

Background and Aims The date of emergence may have far-reaching implications for
seedling performance. Seedlings emerging early in the growing season often have a greater …

Seedling emergence, survival and early growth of the Mediterranean conifer P. pinaster
were studied under closed canopy and open canopy (gaps) cover conditions in a …

The spatial patterns of trees are a defining feature of forests, yet because of the long lifespan
of trees, the full origins of these spatial patterns remain unclear. We used 15.6 ha of a …

Plantations of alien tree species may pose environmental risks associated to their
spontaneous spread in areas of introduction. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is one of the most …

We performed an irrigation experiment to study the impact of summer drought on Pinus
sylvestris establishment at its southernmost distribution limit. Watering was done during the …