This study explores the potential for automated indices related to speech delivery, language
use, and topic development to model human judgments of TOEFL speaking proficiency in …

Despite the current potential to use computers to automatically generate a large range of text-
based indices, many issues remain unresolved about how to apply these data in established …

Skillful performance in a human language often involves a composite of elementary skills,
such that language skills, cognitive skills, and social skills can be conflated in the judgment …

Most previous research on automated speech scoring has focused on restricted, predictable
speech. For automated scoring of unrestricted spontaneous speech, speech proficiency has …

This study describes an approach for modeling the discourse coherence of spontaneous
spoken responses in the context of automated assessment of non-native speech. Although …

There has been a long-standing methodology for evaluating work in speech recognition
(SR), but until recently no community-wide methodology existed for either natural language …

This study explores how second language (L2) texts written by learners at various
proficiency levels can be classified using computational indices that characterize lexical …

■ Lexical proficiency, as a cognitive construct, is poorly understood. However, lexical
proficiency is an important element of language proficiency and fluency, especially for …

This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (eg,
integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language …

This paper investigates the use of promptbased content features for the automated
assessment of spontaneous speech in a spoken language proficiency assessment. The …