Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a term used to describe impaired
venous drainage from the central nervous system (CNS) caused by abnormalities in …

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still largely unknown and it has been proposed that
an impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, defined as chronic …

The hypothesis that extra-cranial venous flow abnormalities leading to a stagnant venous
return contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has generated passionate …

A condition called “chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency”(CCSVI) has been postulated
to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This hypothesis implies that a …

Objectives To evaluate the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)
and cerebral venous anomalies in a consecutive series of patients with multiple sclerosis …

This review summarizes the research to date on chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI). CCSVI was initially defined as a clinical syndrome comprising stenoses of the …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Objectives: To analyze all the arguments against chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI) as a medical entity, and its association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to revise all …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system
(CNS) most commonly characterized by focal areas of myelin destruction, inflammation and …

Although the physiological mechanisms associated with cerebral-venous outflow are poorly
understood, abnormalities of the venous system have been implicated in a variety of …