Cytokines are immune mediators that play an important role in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that targets the synovial joints. The …

The discovery of two distinct subsets of helper T cells, IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells and IL-4-
producing Th2 cells, about three decades ago enabled us to understand the …

Psoriasis is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease, nowadays considered a major
global health problem. Several new drugs, targeting the IL-23/IL-17A pathway, have been …

The development of innovative technologies is steadily increasing the body of knowledge on
molecules involved in physiological functions. Thus, several interleukins (ILs) have been …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated autoimmune disease of multifactorial
pathoaetiology. One of the most serious manifestations is lupus nephritis. The pathogenesis …

Plaque psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases and is characterized
by erythematous, scaly plaques. Many highly effective, targeted therapies have been …

Interleukin (IL)-17 (now synonymous with IL-17A) is an archetype molecule for an entire
family of IL-17 cytokines. Currently believed to be produced mainly by a specific subset of …

Abstract The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) was thought to have a central role in T cell–
mediated responses in inflammation for more than a decade after it was first identified …

IL-23 is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritides, including PsA and axial
spondyloarthritis, as well as related conditions, such as psoriasis and IBD. Genetic …

Abstract The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises six members (IL-17A–17F), and
recently, all of its related receptors have been discovered. IL-17 was first discovered …