Subunit vaccination benefits from improved safety over attenuated or inactivated vaccines,
but their limited capability to elicit long-lasting, concerted cellular and humoral immune …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations …

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional
vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial …

Vaccination has had a major impact on the control of infectious diseases. However, there
are still many infectious diseases for which the development of an effective vaccine has …

Vaccination using nanocarrier-based delivery systems has recently emerged as a promising
approach for meeting the continued challenge posed by infectious diseases and cancer. A …

Nanosized particles including nanovaccines are a novel approach to the development of
vaccines to combat diseases. Nanovaccines have the promise to utilize the immune system …

Highlights•Nanoparticles have shown promise as pathogenic and cancer
vaccines.•Fabrication advancements have yielded a variety of nanoparticle options.•Many …

In spite of the progress of conventional vaccines, improvements are required due to
concerns about the low immunogenicity of the toxicity, instability, and the need for multiple …

The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal
diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be …

Vaccines show great potential for both prophylactic and therapeutic use in infections,
cancer, and other diseases. With the rapid development of bio-technologies and materials …