Proinflammatory cytokines are potent mediators of numerous biological processes and are
tightly regulated in the body. Chronic uncontrolled levels of such cytokines can initiate and …

Inflammatory cytokines are key regulators of immune responses. Persistent and excessive
production of inflammatory cytokines underscores the development of autoimmune …

Cytokines are key instigators and regulators of immune responses and therefore hold great
potential as targets for new therapeutic strategies. However, the selection of which cytokines …

Commentary Page 1 Immunity Commentary Cytokines as Therapeutic Targets: Advances and
Limitations Clemens Scheinecker,1 Kurt Redlich,1 and Josef S. Smolen1,* 1Division of …

Cytokines are critical mediators of protective host responses, including defense against
microbial invasion and tumorigenesis. However, the production of specific proinflammatory …

Acute inflammation normally resolves by mechanisms that have remained somewhat
elusive. Emerging evidence now suggests that an active, coordinated program of resolution …

Biologic treatment options such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have revolutionized
the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Recent data suggest …

The inflammatory process is usually tightly regulated, involving both signals that initiate and
maintain inflammation and signals that shut the process down. An imbalance between the …

Inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are among the most successful protein-based
drugs (biologics) and have proven to be clinically efficacious at reducing inflammation …

The clinical success of TNFα blocking biologics in a growing number of immune-mediated
pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis and …