IL-23 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-12 cytokine family. IL-23 is essential
for the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes, a subtype of T lymphocyte implicated in chronic …

Inhibitors that block the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway can potentiate
endogenous antitumor immunity and have markedly improved cancer survival rates across a …

The human immune system involves highly complex and coordinated processes in which
small proteins named cytokines play a key role. Cytokines have been implicated in the …

Cell-based cancer immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T
and natural killer (NK) cell therapies, has become a revolutionary new pillar in cancer …

Cytokines and their receptors represent key targets for therapeutic intervention. Ligands are
being used to supplement cell numbers that become depleted as a result of disease (organ …

Recent advances have revealed new insights in cytokine regulation of inflammatory
responses. TGFβ acting together with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 promotes …

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) family is a group of cytokines with multiple local and systemic effects,
which regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Generally, most IL-1 family …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key molecule involved in the pathogenesis of several
inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Treatments that inhibit IL-6 mitigate the clinical …

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy was first established upon the approval of a mouse
antibody for treatment of human acute organ rejection. However, the high incidence of …

The key role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T helper 17 (TH17) cells in tissue inflammation,
autoimmunity and host defence led to the experimental targeting of these molecules in …