During the last several years, the interest in the role of microbiota in human health has
grown significantly. For many years, the lung was considered a sterile environment, and only …

The healthy lung was long thought of as sterile, but recent advances using molecular
sequencing approaches have detected bacteria at low levels. Healthy lung bacteria largely …

The lungs are not sterile or free from bacteria; rather, they harbor a distinct microbiome
whose composition is driven by different ecological rules than for the gastrointestinal tract …

Purpose The human gut contains> 100 trillion microbes. This microbiota plays a crucial role
in the gut homeostasis. Importantly, the microbiota contributes to the development and …

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people
worldwide. Clinical features of asthma and its immunological and molecular etiology vary …

Bacteria that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract are essential for good health. The gut
microbiota has a critical role in pulmonary immunity and host's defense against viral …

Study of the human lung microbiome in the context of pulmonary health and disease is an
area of emerging research interest that is being driven by several contributing factors. These …

A growing body of evidence implicates the human microbiome as a potentially influential
player actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes underlying the endotypes …

Our immune system has evolved to recognize and eradicate pathogenic microbes. However,
we have a symbiotic relationship with multiple species of bacteria that occupy the gut and …

The influence of microbiota on host health and disease has attracted adequate attention,
and gut microbiota components and microbiota-derived metabolites affect host immune …