Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins control cell physiology, proliferation, and
growth, and direct cell differentiation, thus playing key roles in normal development and …

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family are highly conserved
multifunctional cell–cell signaling proteins that are of key importance for controlling …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) initiates its diverse cellular responses by binding to
and activating specific cell surface receptors that have intrinsic serine/threonine kinase …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic
factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating …

TGF-β family signaling through Smads is conceptually a simple and linear signaling
pathway, driven by sequential phosphorylation, with type II receptors activating type I …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily members are multifunctional cell‐cell
signaling proteins that play pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis and development of …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and
apoptosis, and TGF-β-related proteins have key roles in development, tissue homeostasis …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signaling dictates highly complex programs of
gene expression responses, which are extensively regulated at multiple levels and vary …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular
signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular …

Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of growth factors initiate
signal transduction through a bewildering complexity of ligand–receptor interactions …