Introduction Particles in exhaled air (PEx) provide samples of respiratory tract lining fluid
from small airways containing, for example, Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and albumin …

Introduction Respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways mainly consists of surfactant that
can be investigated by collection of the particles of exhaled aerosol (PExA) method. This …

In this study we test the hypothesis that endogenous particles in exhaled air (PEx), non-
invasively sampled from lower airways, are well suited for the analysis of respiratory tract …

Rationale: Asthma is often characterised by inflammation, damage and dysfunction of the
small airways, but no standardised biomarkers are available. Objectives: Using a novel …

Background Exhaled, endogenous particles are formed from the epithelial lining fluid in
small airways, where surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in pulmonary host …

Introduction At present, there are few methods available for monitoring respiratory diseases
affecting distal airways. Bronchoscopy is the golden standard for sampling the lower …

Small airways are difficult to access. Exhaled droplets, also referred to as particles, provide a
sample of small airway lining fluid and may reflect inflammatory responses. We aimed to …

Background: Particles in exhaled air (PEx) provide samples of respiratory tract lining fluid
from small airways and offer a new opportunity to monitor pathological changes. The …

Respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) is an important component of the lung epithelial barrier.
Pathological changes in RTLF may cause increased permeability of the epithelial barrier …

Background Originally, studies on exhaled droplets explored properties of airborne
transmission of infectious diseases. More recently, the interest focuses on properties of …