Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, a pandemic that commonly affects
the elderly and those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory …

The elderly and those with underlying chronic diseases (ie, comorbidities) such as
pulmonary, cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal diseases, increase their susceptibility to …

Active vitamin D [1, 25 (OH) 2D3—calcitriol] is a secosteroid hormone whose receptor is
expressed on all cells of the immune system. Vitamin D has a global anti-inflammatory effect …

Background Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH) D< 50nmol/l) is common in Ireland,
particularly amongst older adults, hospital inpatients and nursing home residents. Vitamin D …

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19
susceptibility, severity, and mortality. VDD among African-Americans, diabetics …

Vitamin D is a micronutrient that is needed for optimal health throughout the whole life.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) can be either synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to …

While a low vitamin D state has been associated with an increased risk of infection by SARS-
CoV-2 in addition to an increased severity of COVID-19 disease, a causal role is not yet …

Speculative hypotheses and observational data have suggested a protective role of vitamin
D in COVID-19. However, many unanswered questions remain, aberrant detrimental effects …

The ongoing pandemic: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has
become one of the most important epidemiological events within the last 100 years, causing …

The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented threat to human health, health care
systems, public life, and economy around the globe. The repertoire of effective therapies for …