With our current emphasis on subspecialty medicine, consultants suggest possible
diagnoses and treatments for patients who have abnormalities within their areas of …

Water is the major constituent of the body. It represents the unique solvant of various
molecules (electrolytes) of our body. Although sodium is largely extracellular and potassium …

Electrolyte and fluid imbalances are disorders frequently observed in critical care patients. In
many instances patients are asymptomatic, but they may also present with neurological …

The revised and updated fourth edition of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Physiology
continues to offer expert advice on the bedside management of acid-base and electrolyte …

Assessing and interpreting fluid and electrolyte balance is fundamental to caring for any type
of patient. Yet this subject is one of the more challenging to grasp and apply to clinical …

The care of the critically ill infant or child often is complicated further by disruptions in fluid or
electrolyte balance. Prompt recognition of these disruptions is essential to the care of these …

SIS,CI3 Pathophysiology and diagnosis of respiratory acid-base disturbances in patients with
critical illness Page 1 SIS,CI3 Pathophysiology and diagnosis of respiratory acid-base …

Knowledge of the mechanisms causing potassium imbalance provides tools for the nurse to
assess symptoms and intervene with appropriate and timely action for patients with …

Disorders of sodium (Na+) and water balance commonly are encountered in critically ill
patients. Critical illness, multiple-organ dysfunction, fluid therapy, and the numerous …