Plastics have been proven to be a potential threat to the ecosystem, and their toxicity
mechanism is still uncertain. In the ecological environment, plastics can be degraded into …

Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) have emerged as a concerning pollutant in modern
society due to their widespread production and usage. Despite ongoing research efforts, the …

Polystyrene nano-plastics (PS-NPs) can be accumulated in the food chain and can
penetrate biological barriers to affect multiple physiological functions. However, the adverse …

Microplastics (MPs) are inevitably oxidized in the environment, and their potential toxicity to
organisms has attracted wide attention. However, the neurotoxicity and mechanism of …

The widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPLs) and nanoplastics (NPLs), collectively
abbreviated as M/NPLs, has markedly affected the ecosystem and has become a global …

Nanoplastics (NPs) are unavoidable hazardous materials that result from the human
production and use of plastics. While there is evidence that NPs can bioaccumulate in the …

Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in drinking water, seafood, and commodities
relevant to human daily life, causing widespread concern. Although there have been studies …

Exposure to environmentally hazardous substances is recognized as a significant risk factor
for neurological associated disorders. Among these substances, polystyrene microplastics …

Microplastics (MPs), emerging environmental toxicants, have drawn attention because of
their wide distribution in the environment. Exposure to MPs induces gut microbiota …

Micro/nanoplastics in the environment can be ingested by organisms and spread throughout
the food chain, ultimately posing a threat to human health. However, the risk of continuous …