[Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 453-461, January 1, 2008] 453 Macrophage activation and
polarization Fernando Oneissi Martinez1, A Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 453-461, January …

Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the
initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be …

Phenotypic polarization of macrophages is regulated by a milieu of cues in the local tissue
microenvironment. Although much is known about how soluble factors influence …

Macrophage polarization is a concept that has been useful to describe the different features
of macrophage activation related to specific functions. Macrophage polarization is …

Macrophages, circulating in the blood or concatenated into different organs and tissues
constitute the first barrier against any disease. They are foremost controllers of both innate …

Macrophages constitute a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that are essential for
maintaining homeostasis and as a first line of innate responders controlling and organizing …

Macrophages display remarkable plasticity and can change their physiology in response to
environmental cues. These changes can give rise to different populations of cells with …

Monocytes and macrophages provide the first line of defense against pathogens. They also
initiate acquired immunity by processing and presenting antigens and provide the …

Macrophages play an essential role not only in mediating the first line of defense but also in
maintaining tissue homeostasis. In response to extrinsic factors derived from a given tissue …

Macrophages as innate immune cells with great plasticity are of great interest for cell
therapy. There are two main macrophage populations–pro-and anti-inflammatory cells also …