Background Emerging evidence supports that determination of intrathecal immunoglobulin
M (IgM) synthesis (ITMS) and neurofilament light (NfL) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid …

The intrathecal production of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands (OCB) is a prognostic factor
for multiple sclerosis (MS) evolution in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients and a …

BACKGROUND: A clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) may be the initial presentation of
multiple sclerosis (MS). However, some CIS never develop MS. The identification of patients …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of utmost importance for diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). Evidence of intrathecal …

Background: The intrathecal humoral response is the characteristic diagnostic finding in the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the …

Background: Intrathecal immunoglobulin-G synthesis is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis
(MS), which can be detected by oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) or by κ-free light chains (κ …

Background: Kappa free light chains (KFLC) are a promising new biomarker to detect
neuroinflammation. Still, the impact of pre-analytical effects on KFLC concentrations was not …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system. Previous studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kappa free light chains …

Background and purpose The gold standard for detection of intrathecal immunoglobulin
synthesis is the measurement of oligoclonal bands (OCB). In the diagnosis of multiple …

Background Oligoclonal bands (OCB) are the most widely used CSF test to support the
diagnosis of MS and to predict conversion of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to multiple …