In order to metastasize, tumor cells must adapt to untoward, stressful microenvironments as
they disseminate into the systemic circulation and colonize distant organ sites. Autophagy, a …

Simple Summary The modulation of autophagy represents a potential therapeutic strategy
for cancer. More than one hundred clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing to …

Maintenance of protein homeostasis and organelle integrity and function is critical for
cellular homeostasis and cell viability. Autophagy is the principal mechanism that mediates …

Autophagy is intricately linked with many intracellular signaling pathways, particularly
nutrient-sensing mechanisms and cell death signaling cascades. In cancer, the roles of …

Autophagy is a catabolic process that captures cellular waste and degrades them in the
lysosome. The main functions of autophagy are quality control of cytosolic proteins and …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic mechanism, by which eukaryotic cells
recycle or degrades internal constituents through membrane-trafficking pathway. Thus …

Autophagy is a catabolic degradation process in which cellular proteins and organelles are
engulfed by double-membrane autophagosomes and degraded in lysosomes. Autophagy …

Macroautophagy (referred to hereafter as autophagy) is a highly regulated cellular process
that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles from the cell. Autophagy contributes …

During tumorigenesis, cancer cells are exposed to a wide variety of intrinsic and extrinsic
stresses that challenge homeostasis and growth. Cancer cells display activation of distinct …

Autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated process that targets proteins and damaged
organelles for lysosomal degradation to maintain cell metabolism, genomic integrity, and …