ATP acts as a canonical activator to induce NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain
containing 3) inflammasome activation in macrophages, leading to caspase-1/gasdermin D …

Mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL) is the terminal effector of necroptosis, a
form of regulated necrosis. Optimal activation of necroptosis, which eliminates infected cells …

Since its first description in 2002 [1], the inflammasome has been implicated in the
mechanisms underlying a growing number of infectious, autoimmune, and metabolic …

Summary Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are fundamental for antiviral immunity, but their role in
bacterial infections is contradictory and incompletely described. Streptococcus pyogenes …

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that has recently emerged as a global
threat associated with high morbidity, mortality, and antibiotic resistance. We determined the …

A growing body of evidence supports the notion that susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii
strain ATCC 19606 induces human epithelial cells death. However, most of the cellular and …

The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogens and cellular
insults and is activated by pattern recognition receptors sensing pathogen-or damage …

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a foodborne pathogen that causes severe diseases,
such as endocarditis, sepsis, and bacteremia. As an important component of innate immune …

The rapid formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is induced by co‐stimulation
with LPS and nigericin. It requires the LPS‐stimulated activation of IKKβ, which exerts its …

Influenza A virus (IAV) triggers a contagious and potentially lethal respiratory disease. A
protective IL-1β response is mediated by innate receptors in macrophages and lung …