For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune
activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was …

Neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are characterized by invasion of the
brain by autoreactive T cells. The mechanism for how T cells acquire their encephalitogenic …

INTRODUCTION The meninges are a three-layer membrane that covers the central nervous
system (CNS): The outermost layer, the dura mater, is attached onto the skull periosteum; …

Collections of leukocytes in the meningeal space have been documented in Multiple
Sclerosis (MS). These meningeal aggregates, which in the context of other autoimmune …

Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning
the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close …

Cranial lymphatic vessels (LVs) are involved in the transport of fluids, macromolecules and
central nervous system (CNS) immune responses. Little information about spinal LVs is …

The recent (re) discovery of the meningeal lymphatic system has opened new theories as to
how immune cells traffic and interact with the central nervous system (CNS). While evidence …

Despite the established dogma of central nervous system (CNS) immune privilege,
neuroimmune interactions play an active role in diverse neurological disorders. However …

The central nervous system (CNS) and its meningeal coverings accommodate a diverse
myeloid compartment that includes parenchymal microglia and perivascular macrophages …

The concept of immune privilege suggests that the central nervous system is isolated from
the immune system. However, recent studies have highlighted the borders of the central …