The meninges, comprising the leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid layers) and the
pachymeninx (dura layer), participate in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity, but …

The brain and its borders create a highly dynamic microenvironment populated with immune
cells. Yet characterization of immune cells within the naive brain compartment remains …

The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically privileged site to which access of
circulating immune cells is tightly controlled by the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB; see …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related form of dementia associated with the
accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles in the …

Macrophages reside within the diverse anatomical compartments of the central nervous
system (CNS). Within each compartment, these phagocytes are exposed to unique …

Tissue macrophages have an embryonic origin and can be replenished in some tissues
under steady-state conditions by blood monocytes. However, little is known about the …

There are no conventional lymphatic vessels within the CNS parenchyma, although it has
been hypothesized that lymphatics near the cribriform plate or dura maintain fluid …

Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and of meningeal lymphatic vessels have
generated a lot of excitement, along with some degree of skepticism. Here, we summarize …

The segregation and limited regenerative capacity of the CNS necessitate a specialized and
tightly regulated resident immune system that continuously guards the CNS against invading …

T cells provide critical immune surveillance to the central nervous system (CNS), and the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to be a main route for their entry. Further …