The concept of the CNS as an immune-privileged organ has led to a common
misunderstanding that it is not an active immunological organ, guarded from its …

Cytokines are important signaling molecules synthesized by immune cells in peripheral
tissues and the blood, and by glial cells and other brain-resident cells in the central nervous …

Clinical trial results of peripheral B cell depletion indicate abnormal proinflammatory B cell
properties, and particularly antibody-independent functions, contribute to relapsing MS …

Acute brain injury mobilizes circulating leukocytes to transmigrate into the perivascular
space and brain parenchyma. This process amplifies neural injury. Bone marrow …

Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They
express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of …

The 'immune privilege'of the central nervous system (CNS) is indispensable for damage
limitation during inflammation in a sensitive organ with poor regenerative capacity. It is a …

The central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunological privileged site.
However, inflammatory reactions in response to virus infections, in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

The glymphatic system is a fluid-transport system that accesses all regions of the brain. It
facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears waste from the …

INTRODUCTION Under homeostasis, the central nervous system (CNS) hosts microglia
(MG) and CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs). During experimental autoimmune …

The central nervous system (CNS) is traditionally viewed as an immune privileged site in
which overzealous immune cells are prevented from doing irreparable damage. It was …