Seasonal influenza viruses are highly contagious, leading to 290,000–650,000 mortalities
every year globally. Among the influenza viruses, influenza A virus (H3N2) has attracted …

Influenza A (H3N2) viruses are associated with outbreaks worldwide and can cause disease
with severe complications. The impact can be reduced by vaccination, which induces …

Influenza A virus infection is a persistent threat to public health worldwide due to its ability to
evade immune surveillance through rapid genetic drift and shift. Current vaccines against …

Due to continuous changes to its antigenic regions, influenza viruses can evade immune
detection and cause a significant amount of morbidity and mortality around the world …

To characterize the antigenic epitopes of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H1N1 influenza
virus, a panel consisting of 84 clones of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were …

Influenza virus infections pose a continuous threat to human health. Although vaccines
function as a preventive and protective tool, they may not be effective due to antigen drift or …

Most neutralizing antibodies elicited during influenza virus infection or by vaccination have a
narrow spectrum because they usually target variable epitopes in the globular head region …

H5N1 influenza viruses cause high mortality in avian and mammalian species, including
humans. Antigenic drift in H5 sequence poses challenges in the development of vaccine …

Identifying major antigenic and protective epitopes of the H7 hemagglutinin (HA) will be
important for understanding the antibody response to vaccines developed against the novel …

Background Influenza virus remains a continuous and severe threat to public health
worldwide, and its prevention and treatment have always been a major international issue …