Calcium carbonate exists in two main forms, calcite and aragonite, in the skeletons of marine
organisms. The primary mineralogy of marine carbonates has changed over the history of …

An organic matrix consisting of a protein-polysaccharide complex is generally accepted as
an important medium for the calcification process. While the role this “calcified organic …

The precipitation and assembly of calcium carbonate skeletons by stony corals is a precisely
controlled process regulated by the secretion of an ECM. Recently, it has been reported that …

The protein-induced chemical structure in calcified organisms is an important factor
contributing to their growth, but until now no direct evidence has been reported. Hence, we …

Acidic proteins are generally thought to control mineral formation and growth in
biocalcification. Analysis of proteinaceous components in the soluble and insoluble matrix …

It has long been recognized that a suite of proteins exists in coral skeletons that is critical for
the oriented precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals, yet these proteins remain poorly …

Biomineralization is a widely dispersed and highly regulated but poorly understood process
by which organisms precipitate minerals from a wide variety of elements [1]. For many years …

Calcium carbonate platforms produced by reef-building stony corals over geologic time are
pervasive features around the world [1]; however, the mechanism by which these organisms …

Stony corals construct their aragonite skeleton by calcium carbonate precipitation, in a
process recently suggested to be biologically controlled. Amorphous calcium carbonate and …

The gross morphology of soft coral surface sclerites has been studied for taxonomic
purposes for over a century. In contrast, sclerites located deep in the core of colonies have …