Tramadol, an opioid used as analgesic, can induce neurotoxic effects associated to
cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, caffeine has been reported to have neuroprotective effects …

Aim and background Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine, mostly prescribed for the
alleviation of mild to moderate pains. It bears several side effects including emotional …

Tramadol (TR) is an analgesic drug used to treat moderate-to-severe pain but it induces
seizure even at therapeutic doses. The exact mechanism of TR-inducing seizure is not clear …

Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic and SNRI (serotonin/
norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor) that structurally resembles codeine and morphine. Given …

Tramadol is an opioid used as analgesic for treating moderate or sever pain. The long-term
use of tramadol can induce several deleterious effects. We investigated the impact of chronic …

Background Tramadol (TRA) is an analgesic prescribed for treating mild to moderate pains,
the abuse of which has increased in recent years. Chronic tramadol consumption produces …

Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine that is often prescribed for the treatment of mild
to moderate pains. It has a number of side effects including emotional instability and anxiety …

Background: Tramadol is an opioid analgesic with several adverse reactions. Oxidative and
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses have been involved in the molecular mechanisms …

Tramadol, a frequently used pain reliever drug, present neurotoxic effects associated to
cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, crocin has been reported to have neuroprotective effects …

This study was carried out to investigate the protective role of taurine (2-
aminoethanesulphonicacid) against morphine-induced neurotoxicity in C6 cells. It was …