During the past few years, intensive interest in the problem of excessive fluorides in drinking
water is a matter of serious concern around the world, as it causes fluorosis, a disease that …

The water can be contaminated by natural sources or by industrial effluents. One such
contaminant is fluoride. Fluoride contamination in the water environment due to natural and …

Lack of access to safe drinking water is a major concern due to negative health effects
experienced by people in many parts of the world. The quality of such waters is mainly …

Adsorption is one important technique in fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The
viability of adsorption techniques is greatly dependent on the development of adsorptive …

Management of contaminants such as fluoride is a major public issue. Fluoride of geogenic
origin in groundwater used as a source of drinking water is a major concern because …

Fluoride ion in trace amount is essential for the growth of human bones but, the excess
intake of this ion creates a toxic effect in the body. The acceptable limit for fluoride ion in the …

The presence of fluoride in drinking water has a profound effect on teeth and bones. WHO
recommended, up to a small level (1–1.5 mg/L) strengthens the enamel. Dental and skeletal …

Fluoride is one of the anionic contaminants which is found in excess in surface or
groundwater because of geochemical reactions or anthropogenic activities such as the …

The fate of excessive fluoride in water is cause for serious public health concerns worldwide.
Water defluoridation using various technologies therefore continues to attract …

Fluorine is an element commonly found in the atmosphere, soil and water as the fluoride ion.
Many sources of water around the world, particularly ground water, face high levels of …