People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …

People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …

HIV persists in cellular reservoirs despite effective anti-retroviral therapy with rebound of
viremia upon therapy interruption. Opioids modulate the immune system and suppress …

While there is an emerging consensus that engagement of the Mu opioid receptor by opioids
may modulate various stages the HIV life cycle (eg: increasing cell susceptibility to infection …

Despite the ability of combination antiretroviral therapy to dramatically suppress viremia, the
brain continues to be a reservoir of HIV-1 low-level replication. Adding further complexity to …

Of the 12 million people who inject drugs worldwide, 13% live with HIV. Whether opioid use
impacts HIV pathogenesis and latency is an outstanding question. To gain insight into …

With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying
pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in …

About one third of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases in the USA have been
attributed to the use of injected addictive drugs, frequently involving opioids like heroin and …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in cellular reservoirs despite effective
combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and there is viremia flare-up upon therapy …

Cumulative studies during the past 30 years have established the correlation between
opioid abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Further studies also …