Most, if not all, animals coexist with a complement of prokaryotic symbionts that confer a
variety of physiologic benefits. In humans, the interaction between animal and bacterial cells …

Tremendous advances have been made in mapping the complexity of the human gut
microbiota in both health and disease states. These analyses have revealed that, rather than …

Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the
mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host …

Humans have coevolved with their microbes over thousands of years, but this relationship, is
now being dramatically affected by shifts in the collective human microbiome resulting from …

The concept that the intestinal microbiota modulates numerous physiologic processes,
including immune development and function, nutrition and metabolism, and pathogen …

A new era in medical science has dawned with the realization of the critical role of the
“forgotten organ,” the gut micro-biota, in health and disease. Central to this beneficial …

In their intestine, humans possess an “extended genome” of millions of microbial genes—
the microbiome. Because this complex symbiosis influences host metabolism, physiology …

The harmonic coexistence of microorganisms with the human body is the result of a long
coevolutionary process that has minimized competition for nutrients and immunological …

The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including
trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous …

Over the past decade, our view of human-associated microbes has expanded beyond that of
a few species toward an appreciation of the diverse and niche-specialized microbial …