Background Venoplasty—dubbed the liberation procedure—has been proposed with the
controversial theory of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), as a possible …

Objective Venoplasty has been proposed, alongside the theory of chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite concerns …

Objective: The objective of this longitudinal study examined, first, whether people with
multiple sclerosis who previously advocated for angioplasty to treat chronic cerebral spinal …

Abstract Background In 2009, Dr. Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although his theory and …

The research is focused on a patient-based social media movement which advocated for
clinical research into a discovery rejected by key elements of the medical establishment …

Background: We conducted a rigorous review of videos related to multiple sclerosis (MS)
and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) treatment posted by people with MS …

Objective Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been hypothesized to be
a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Venoplasty has been proposed as a treatment for …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A
recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in …

This study examines how a medically contested procedure for people living with multiple
sclerosis was framed by the news media and challenged by user-generated Facebook …

Abstract In 2008, Paulo Zamboni pioneered the 'liberation procedure'for treating multiple
sclerosis (MS), claiming that MS is caused by an abnormality of venous drainage which he …