Background: Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic in Madagascar, where populations have
genetic inheritance from Southeast Asia and East Africa. Primaquine, a drug of choice for …

Plasmodium vivax is one of the five human malaria parasite species, which has a wide
geographical distribution and can cause severe disease and fatal outcomes. It has the ability …

Background Plasmodium vivax malaria is characterized by relapses arising from the
hypnozoite stages in the liver. The only currently registered drug for radical treatment to …

Aim: Antimalarial primaquine (PQ) eliminates liver hypnozoites of Plasmodium vivax.
CYP2D6 gene variation contributes to PQ therapeutic failure. Additional gene variation may …

Clinical failure of primaquine (PQ) has been demonstrated in people with CYP450 2D6
genetic polymorphisms that result in reduced or no enzyme activity. The distribution of …

Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, is the only medication approved by the World Health
Organization to treat the hypnozoite stage of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale malaria …

Genetic variability was linked with individual responses to treatment and susceptibility to
malaria by Plasmodium vivax. Polymorphisms in the CYP 2D6 gene may modulate enzyme …

Abstract Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme is involved in the metabolism of about
30% of clinically used drugs, including the antimalarials artemether and lumefantrine …

Background CYP2D6 pathway mediates the activation of primaquine into active metabolite
(s) in hepatocytes. CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic, encoding CYP2D6 isoforms with normal …

Background Primaquine (PQ) is recommended as an addition to standard malaria
treatments in pre-elimination settings due to its pronounced activity against mature …