Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a widely prevalent con-dition of elevated blood
pressure (BP) and is the leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease …

Nebivolol, a third generation selective β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AR) antagonist, has been
reported to reduce intracellular oxidative stress and to induce the release of nitric oxide (NO) …

Background and purpose: Diabetes‐associated vascular dysfunction contributes to
increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether the phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor …

Endothelium can deeply influence vascular tone and structure. The main endothelium-
derived factor is nitric oxide (NO), which not only is a potent vasodilator but also inhibits …

Objectives Abnormal vascular activity in diabetes is related not only to impaired nitric oxide
bioavailability but also to inflammatory cytokines, endothelin A receptor (ETA) activation and …

Deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in the vascular tissue contributes to endothelial
dysfunction through reduced eNOS activity and increased superoxide anion (O2−) …

The beta-blocker, carvedilol has an additional endothelium-dependent vasodilating
properties in patients with hypertension or heart failure. Whether carvedilol can improve …

Although β-blockers have been endorsed by guidelines committees for the treatment of
patients with hypertension, particularly those with significant CVD and high CVD risk, there …

Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease.
The endothelium controls the tone of the underlying vascular smooth muscle through the …

Diabetes has profound, negative effects on the function of arteries and arterioles.
Hypertension is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in …