Abstract Purpose of Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) is the virus responsible for the aggressive coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic …

According to available clinical data,≈ 15% to 30% of the COVID-19 patients are with
hypertension and≈ 2.5% to 15% are with coronary heart disease. 3–5 …

Introduction Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor
blockers (ARBs) share their target receptor site with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that may cause …

The effects of ACE inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on ACE2
expression and activity are unclear. Concerns arose about possible interactions between …

Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are extensively used worldwide to treat many
cardiovascular disorders, where they are effective in reducing both mortality and morbidity …

The novel SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may be particularly deleterious to
patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 …

Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of angiotensin converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronavirus …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already surpassed the combined mortality …

Background and rationale Some studies of hospitalized patients suggested that the risk of
death and/or severe illness due to COVID-19 is not associated with the use of angiotensin …

SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by a spike protein allowing viral binding to the angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE)-2, which acts as a viral receptor and is expressed on the surface …