Background Endocrine therapies targeting estrogen signaling have significantly improved
breast cancer (BC) patient survival, although 40% of ERα-positive BCs do not respond to …

Endocrine therapies targeting oestrogen signalling have significantly improved breast
cancer management. However, their efficacy is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance to …

Abstract Approximately 60-70% of invasive breast cancers express estrogen receptor (ER)
and/or progesterone receptor and are termed hormone receptor positive (ER+). Endocrine …

Introduction Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) induces apoptosis when
combined with estrogen deprivation in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The …

Activating mutations of PIK3CA are the most frequent genomic alterations in estrogen
receptor (ER)–positive breast tumors, and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) …

In breast cancer (BC) epithelial cells, the mitogenic action of estradiol is transduced through
binding to two receptors, ERα and ERβ, which act as transcription factors. Anti-estrogens …

Most estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancers initially respond to antiestrogens, but
many eventually become estrogen-independent and recur. We identified an estrogen …

Introduction Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in estrogen
receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer is associated with reduced ER expression and …

Introduction Accumulating evidence suggests that both levels and activity of the estrogen
receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR) are dramatically influenced by growth …

Simple Summary Breast cancers are broadly classified into two subtypes: estrogen receptor-
positive and estrogen receptor-negative. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen …